Classification of bills of lading

Bill of lading in foreign trade, the transportation sector to transport goods issued to the consignor of a certificate. The consignee with the bill of lading to the freight destination of the transportation department to pick up the goods, bill of lading shall be signed by the carrier or the ship to take effect. Is one of the effective documents for customs declaration of sea cargo. The following are a few specific classifications of the bill of lading:

 

 

① Straight B / L: refers to the bill of lading on the consignee in the column to fill in a specific person or company name of the bill of lading. Designated consignee to the carrier or its agent to hand over an original bill of lading is to obtain the delivery of goods. Although the bill of lading is a kind of right certificate, but it is not negotiable. In China, the bill of lading shall not be transferred.

Straight B / L in the international maritime trade is not widely used, generally only in the transportation of personal effects, exhibits with. (The first TT consignee is directly in the customer's name, not realizing the potential danger: never make a named bill of lading without a guarantee of collection.)

 

In many countries, the consignee of a Straight B / L can take delivery of the goods without a bill of lading, so the bill of lading has effectively lost control of the goods. Just like the air waybill of lading, the consignee can take delivery of the goods as long as the proof of identity. Even if the letter of credit settlement, the issuing bank is not willing to accept the bill of lading, so the general letter of credit are stipulated as: TO ORDER such a blank head of the bill of lading, and thus to control and master the right of goods.

 

Therefore, not only one-sided remember the non-transferable nature of the Straight B / L, but also remember that "the consignee of the bill of lading can not bill of lading on the goods, so the bill of lading has actually lost the role of the right of goods." This is a crucial point! The concept must be remembered comprehensively, so as not to bring errors and losses to the work. Therefore, if only 30% of the payment, and is after T / T 70% of the collection method, made into a designated consignee bill of lading, that is, the bill of lading, then, once the customer's bad reputation does not pay, it will be possible to encounter the money, the goods of the two empty situation. Of course, if the customer has confidence and certainty of collection, it is another story.

 

② Bearer B / L, or Open B / L, or Blank B / L: that is, the bill of lading consignee column does not list the name. Such bills of lading can be transferred without endorsement, the carrier releases the goods on the basis of the bill. Bearer bill of lading does not list the name of the consignee of the bill of lading, who holds the bill of lading, who can be bill of lading to the carrier to withdraw the goods, the carrier delivery is based on the single does not rely on people. The bill of lading in the consignee column is: To the order. that is, any holder of the bill of lading have the right to pick up the goods. Is to point to whoever as long as the bill of lading holder of the bill of lading for the delivery of goods. If the bill of lading 1, clearly states that it is a bearer bill of lading; 2, it will be the consignee as bearer; 3, it as a bill of lading but failed to indicate according to whose instructions; 4, it is a blank endorsement of the bill of lading. A bearer bill of lading is transferable without endorsement.

 

③ Order B / L: that is, according to the bill of lading instructions contained in the instructions of the person to deliver the goods of the bill of lading. Is the current international trade is usually used in the bill of lading. Is the bill of lading on the consignee column contains "to Order" or "to the Order of" the words of the bill of lading. The former is called bearer instructions bill of lading, the carrier shall deliver the goods according to the shipper's instructions; the latter is called bearer instructions bill of lading, the carrier according to the instructions of the bearer to deliver the goods.

 

1, with the bank instructions. That is, the bill of lading consignee column filled out as "to the order of xx Bank".

 

2, with the consignee instructions. That is, the bill of lading consignee column fill in "to the order of A.B.C. Co. Ltd".

 

3,With the consignor's instruction. That is, the bill of lading consignee column filled out as "to the order of shipper", and by the shipper in the back of the bill of lading blank endorsement. This bill of lading can also be made according to the provisions of the letter of credit into a registered endorsement. The consignee may not make endorsement, in this case only the shipper can pick up the goods, that is, the seller retains ownership of the goods.

 

And the so-called release without a bill of lading, refers to the carrier did not deliver the goods with the original bill of lading behavior.

 

At present, for the instruction bill of lading and bearer bill of lading, the carrier must release the goods with the original bill of lading, the carrier did not release the goods with the original bill of lading, regardless of which party the goods are released to the legitimate holder of the original bill of lading can be pursued by the carrier for the release of goods without a single breach of contract. This point in our maritime judicial practice are unified. But in the case of the bill of lading, if the carrier did not deliver the goods to the original bill of lading, the legal holder of the bill of lading to the carrier for breach of contract? Current theory and practice have a negative tendency.

 

To sum up, the domestic cargo owner unit should fully recognize the danger of the bearer bill of lading, the trade buyer requesting the issuance of the bearer bill of lading as the consignee can not be freely agreed to ensure that in the case of the letter of credit and other means of settlement of foreign exchange is blocked, the carrier without a bill of lading to pursue the liability for breach of contract.

 

 

① Shipped B/L, or On Board B/L： refers to the bill of lading issued by the carrier or its authorized agent to the shipper on the basis of the first mate's receipt after the goods are loaded on board the ship. If the carrier issued a bill of lading has been loaded, is to confirm that he has loaded the goods on board.

 

② Received for Shipment B / L： is the carrier in the receipt of the shipper to hand over the goods but not yet loaded on board, at the request of the shipper and the bill of lading issued.

 

 

① Clean B / L： refers to the goods loaded on board the ship in good condition, the carrier did not add any damage to the goods, poor packaging or other obstacles to the settlement of the bill of lading endorsement.

 

② Unclean B / L or Foul B / L：Unclean B / L or foul B / L refers to the carrier in the bill of lading on the bad condition of the goods and packaging or there are defects, such as water, wet, oil, stains, rust and other endorsements of the bill of lading.

 

 

① Direct B / L： refers to the goods from the port of loading after loading, without changing ships directly to the port of discharge and unloading the bill of lading issued.

 

② Transhipment B / L：means that the goods must be transferred to the destination port and the carrier in the port of shipment issued by the full bill of lading.

 

③ Through B / L：refers to two or more modes of transportation (sea and land, sea and river, sea and air, sea and sea, etc.) intermodal transport of goods, by the first carrier (the first ship transport carrier) to collect the full freight charges, in the place of departure issued to the destination of the full transport of the bill of lading. Intermodal bill of lading, although including the entire transportation, but the bill of lading issued by the carrier only on their own transportation of a voyage in the loss of goods is responsible for this bill of lading and transshipment bill of lading of lading of the same nature.

 

④ MultimodaL Transport B/L or Intermodal Transport B/L： refers to the goods by sea, inland waterways, railroads, highways, air and other two or more modes of transport for joint transportation and the signing of the bill of lading applicable to the entire transport.

 

 

① Long Form B/L： relative to the simple form bill of lading, is the bill of lading in addition to the front printed on the bill of lading form of the matters recorded, the back of the bill of lading on the carrier and the shipper and the consignee of the detailed terms of the rights and obligations between the bill of lading. As a result of the terms and conditions, so also known as "complicated bill of lading".

② Short Form B / L, or Simple B / L： also known as the short form of bill of lading, bill of lading, is relative to the full-form bill of lading, is the bill of lading on the back of the bill of lading does not have on the rights and obligations of the carrier and the shipper and the consignee of the bill of lading between the detailed terms.

 

 

① Anti-dated B / L：refers to the carrier at the request of the shipper after the loading of goods on board the ship, the bill of lading issued earlier than the actual date of completion of loading the bill of lading.

 

② Post-date B / L：refers to the shipment of goods. Carrier or shipping agent at the request of the owner of the goods, later than the actual date of completion of loading of the goods as the bill of lading issued on the date of the bill of lading.

 

③ Advanced B/L： means due to the shipment period specified in the letter of credit and the delivery of the bill of lading period has arrived, the owner of the goods for any reason can not timely prepare the goods or not yet loaded on board the ship, or due to the reasons of the shipping company's ship can not be loaded in the shipment period to the port loading, at the request of the shipper and the shipper by the carrier or its agent in advance of the shipment of bills of lading issued. Bills of lading issued by the carrier or its agent in advance at the request of the shipper. All the responsibilities arising from the advance bill of lading are borne by the issuer of the bill of lading.

 

④ Stale B/L：refers to the exporter to obtain the bill of lading after the failure to timely to the bank, or after the bank's specified deadline for the bill of lading has not been negotiated and the formation of the expired bill of lading, customarily also known as demurrage bill of lading.

 

 

① Freight Prepaid B/L： CIF, CFR conditions in the transaction price for freight prepaid, according to the provisions of the goods consignment, must be prepaid freight. Freight prepaid in the case of the bill of lading issued

 

② Freihgt to Collect B / L： means that the freight in the port of destination by the consignee to pay the bill of lading, and the bill of lading on the freight to pay, otherwise not against the consignee.

 

③ Minimum B/L： means a bill of lading issued for goods on each bill of lading charging freight at a minimum rate.

 

 

① Bill of lading issued by the shipping company： usually issued for the whole container cargo bill of lading

② NVOCC B/L：freight forwarding company or logistics company as the carrier, and the consignor signed the contract of carriage of goods and the bill of lading issued.

 

 

① Omnibus B / L：refers to the shipper's request will be different kinds of goods combined in the same bill of lading.

 

② Combined B / L：refers to two or more batches of varieties, quality, port of loading and port of discharge of the same, but belonging to different consignees of liquid bulk goods and loaded in 1 the same liquid cargo tanks for each batch of goods issued by the consignee, stamped with a 'parallel loading terms' seal of the bill of lading.

 

③ Separate B/L：refers to the bill of lading for the same batch of goods on the bill of lading subdivided into more than two batches issued separately.

④ Switch B/L：means another set of bill of lading issued in exchange for the original bill of lading. In the conditions of direct transportation, at the request of the shipper, the carrier undertakes to exchange another set of bills of lading issued at the port of departure for another set of bills of lading issued at the port of departure at an agreed port of call.

⑤ On Deck B/L：also known as deck cargo bill of lading. This refers to the goods loaded on the open deck of the carrier, and the bill of lading indicated "loaded on the deck" (On Deck) words of the bill of lading.

 

⑥ Parcel Receipt B/L：refers to the parcel form of consignment of goods and the issuance of the bill of lading parcel form of consignment of goods and the issuance of the bill of lading. This is the carrier according to the special needs of trade and set up a bill of lading, the weight shall not exceed 45kg.

 

⑦ Container B / L：refers to the shipment of containers issued by the bill of lading. Is the main freight transportation of containerized goods under the freight transport documents, responsible for container transport operators or their agents, in the receipt of containerized goods and issued to the shipper's bill of lading.